Система символів родючості в обрядових піснях комори й перезви

Abstract

Досліджуються сакралізовані елементи системи символів родючості в обрядовій поезії комори й перезви, що входили до циклу весільних обрядів. Дані ритуали містили прояви антигромадської поведінки й використовували сороміцькі елементи. У піснях виділяються три основні групи понять – статеві органи, сексуальний акт і цнота як необхідна умови для успішного проведення обряду.

Rites of «komora» (pantry) and «perezva» in the cycle of the Ukrainian wedding occupy a significant place and are its culmination. For a long time it was considered to be appropriate not to include description of these rites and songs accompanying them to the publications. The most popular image that prevails in ritual songs is viburnum, which was considered a symbol of beauty, innocence and love from long ago in Ukraine. Comparing a phallus with a cock makes us turn to modern American slang indicating a similar situation where «cock» is translated both as «rooster» and «penis». The image of marten (kunytsia) – fur animal sitting in a haystack, is the embodiment of female genital organs. It is associated with erotic symbols, and a derivative of it «kunka» means vagina. Any energetic work is often compared with sexual intercourse – grinding flour, hulling grain, prickling with awl, hooping bucket, grinding in makitra, forging baby. In this connection the image of so-called sexual aggressor who is popular among womankind as an ideal partner arises: miller, cobbler, cooper, potter, and blacksmith. There are three main groups of concepts in the songs – genitals, sexual intercourse and virginity as the necessary condition for the success of the rite, happy family life of newlyweds and a heavy crop of the farmers’ community. Frequently songs have a situation when a penis and its owner are identified; herewith it does not matter who has sexual intercourse – a man or an impersonated body organ. Despite the fact that sexual rudiments characterizing the fertility cult are widely represented in the mentioned rituals, coitus was always a taboo thing. The exception was a manifestation of anti-social behaviour dictated by the conditions of certain rites, such as «komora» and «perezva».