Опис документа

Доведено необхідність виконання досліджень річкової мережі районів річкових басейнів України із застосуванням типології річок, прийнятої в Європейському Союзі. Розглянуто історичні аспекти розвитку знань щодо гідрографічної мережі України. Здійснено аналіз окремих морфометричних характеристик річок країни за опублікованими даними. Доведено необхідність створення нового каталогу (реєстру) річок України із залученням міжнародної фінансової та технічної підтримки за участі спеціалістів басейнових та обласних управлінь водних ресурсів Держводагентства України.

Подтверждена необходимость проведения исследований речной сети районов речных бассейнов Украины с применением типологии рек, принятой в Европейском Союзе. Рассмотрены исторические аспекты развития знаний про гидрографическую сеть Украины. Проведен анализ отдельных морфометрических характеристик рек страны по опубликованным данным. Подтверждена необходимость создания нового каталога (реестра) рек Украины с привлечением международной финансовой и технической помощи при участии специалистов бассейновых и областных управлений водных ресурсов Госводагентства Украины.

Proved the necessity of conducting the researches river network of the Ukraine river basins areas using river typology adopted by the European Union. Signing the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union provides the approximation of Ukraine legislation to achieve the EU directives objectives related to water quality and water resources management. The historical aspects of the development of knowledge about Ukraine river network are considered. It was shown that the main source of information about morphometric characteristics of the Ukraine river basins are outdated, and based on data from surveys of 50-60-years last centuries. The analysis of individual morphometric river characteristics by published data was done. Revealed a number of differences that require verification. In particular, the catchment area of 10 916 river (17.3%) of the country generally not defined. In order to receive data about river catchment area with length less than 10 km used method of basins analogs, and then by the transition coefficients (ratios) between number of rivers certain categories, the average length of each category of rivers and their catchment identified for specific areas. The question arises about the number of basins analogs and their representativeness. Today in Ukraine there is a situation where the absence of data about river catchments area with length less than 10 km, it is not possible to make a fully typology of small (for WFD) river with catchment area of 10-100 km2. Need information about streams with length from 5-6 kilometers. In order to receive the information is extremely important the materials of modern level of development GIS technology, supplemented by field hydrographic rivers surveys. As the experience compiling catalogs (registers) of small rivers in individual Ukraine regions the important problem is the lack of own geographical names of streams with small length. In particular, 5-10 km length streams own names absent in 40-50% of cases, and for shorter streams percent of cases increases to 80-90. For central and southern Ukraine is also an important factor drying out of small streams in dry season, which complicates their identification by materials of remote sensing of the earth's surface. It is also important the identification of a streams as river or channel (drainage or irrigation), since much of it is not yet exploited (especially channel of intraeconomic networks). Is proved the necessity of making a new catalog (registry) of Ukraine rivers with the assistance of international financial and technical support with the participation of experts from basin and regional water resources management the State Agency of Water Resources of Ukraine.