Досліджено основні геоекологічні проблеми функціонування природоохоронних територій у межах великих міст та причини їхнього виникнення на прикладі регіонального ландшафтного парку (РЛП) "Лиса гора" у Києві. Проаналізовано чинники погіршення екологічногостану і деградації ландшафтних комплексів на території парку. Розроблено картосхему основних конфліктів природокористування в межах РЛП "Лиса гора". Запропоновано комплекс запобіжних і відновлювальних заходів щодо мінімізації наявних конфліктів та оптимізації функціонування установ ПЗФ в урбанізованому середовищі.
Исследованы основные геоэкологические проблемы функционирования природоохранных территорий в пределах больших городов и причины их возникновения на примере регионального ландшафтного парка (РЛП) "Лысая гора" в Киеве. Проанализированы факторы ухудшения экологического состояния и деградации ландшафтных комплексов на территории парка. Разработана картосхема основных конфликтов природопользования в пределах РЛП "Лысая гора". Предложен комплекс предупредительных и восстановительных мероприятий относительно минимизации существующих конфликтов и оптимизации функционирования учреждений ПЗФ в урбанизированной среде.
The main geoecological problems of protected areas within large cities and the reasons for their occurrence were researched on the example of the regional landscape park (RLP) "Lysa Gora" in Kiev. The absence of proper information about the importance and value of protected area in combination with the lack of funds for protection service raise a number of problems associated with non-compliance with environmental treatment area. In particular, visiting a park on private vehicle leads to destruction of rare plant species, animals deterrence, trampling natural vegetation. As a result of mass recreation of Kyiv residents during the holidays, solid waste pollution has a devastating effect on natural ecosystems. Burning fires leads to the death of Red Book and rare plant species, destruction of mountain steppe areas and all seed fund. In the tract area and around it formed the powerful centers of reproduction of invasive plants. Progressive erosion, landslides activate, degrade valuable meadow and deciduous plant communities. Illegal deforestation is happening in some Kyiv areas; the snow collected from city streets is stored in the protective zone of the river Lybid. Together with the snow a huge amount of debris, dirt and salt get into water and change the geochemical regime of surrounding area. Analysis of the above-mentioned and other negative influences and their implications for protected area allows to make a conclusion about the need for elimination or mitigation of the existing natural-using conflicts, particularly by establishing of park recreational capacity to prevent the destruction of especially valuable parcels natural components; functional zoning RLP area considering environmental, recreational, scientific, health, recreational, historical, cultural and other values; documentary consolidation of land plots with their strict subordination; establish effective penalties for areas special regime violations and excessive recreation load. In the future, the successful solution of the existing problems should conduct thorough research on functional zoning for the purpose of reserved kernel allocation, to implement measures for the resettlement of rare flora species and reintroduction of lost species, restoration of vegetation and more. Mapped scheme of main nature using conflicts within RLP is developed. A set of preventive and remedial measures to minimize existing conflicts and optimization of nature protection institutions in urban environment is proposed.
