Тенденції розвитку українського авторського ситодруку у світовому контексті

Abstract

У статті розглянуто історію ситодруку – тиражної графічної техніки, яка набула поширення у світовій мистецькій практиці за останнє сторіччя. Наведено імена персоналій, які вплинули на становлення авторського ситодруку в Україні. Подано факти, які дозволяють характеризувати процес розвитку авторського ситодруку в Україні.Під авторським ситодруком розуміємо оригінальні твори мистецтва, виконані в техніці ситодруку конкретним автором або під його наглядом. This article examines the history of the silkscreen, a printing technique which has been widely spread in the art practice during the last century. The author names artists who have influenced the creation of the authorial silkscreen in Ukraine and presents facts which allow for characterizing the process of the authorial silkscreen development in Ukraine. The article highlights the key tendencies of the Ukrainian authorial silkscreen development in the global context.The author has applied the descriptive and comparative historical research methods in order to reveal the key stages of this technique development and adoption. This is the first research that describes the process of the Ukrainian serigraphy development. It proves that the screen printing became an independent means of artistic expression in the 20th century – after the invention of the silkscreen technique with a light sensitive stencil.For the last 100 years, it has turned from a purely industrial technique to a notable phenomenon of fine arts. The serigraphy development is roughly divided into the following five periods: “zero”, “dead”, “early”, “active” and “modern”. Ukrainian artists first started to experiment with this technique in the 1960s, in the active period, according to the above-mentioned classification. If compared to the global trends, Ukraine has adopted the serigraphy rather late.In the 1990s, the importance of the authorial silk screen printing in the Ukrainian fine arts was growing. At the time, the studio under the guidance of Volodymyr Veshtak was founded to provide artists with the opportunity to master this technique. Nowadays, owing to private studios, such as “Open Silkscreen Studio”, “Seri/Graph”, “Copy #0”, and the festivals that they hold, a new wave of the silkscreen has emerged and spread among Ukrainian artists. Nevertheless, the screen printing is still not a frequently used technique in the Ukrainian fine arts. Therefore, there is a need for making the research and promoting foreign and local experiences of the authorial silk printing.