Тенденції формування системи класифікації київських готелів ХІХ – початку ХХ ст. за рівнем комфорту

Abstract

У статті розглянуто витоки та тенденції формування класифікаційної структури київських готелів за рівнем комфорту. На основі джерел інформації, виданих до 1917 року, зроблений сис-тематичний аналіз за трьома періодами історичного розвитку го-тельного господарства міста та визначена класифікація за рівнем комфорту київських готелів і мебльованих кімнат упродовж другої половини ХІХ – початку ХХ ст. The structural stratification of the hotel business in Kyiv began to take place in the first half of the nineteenth century. Therefore, in the early 1870’s, the city faced an urgent problem of differentiation of hotels in terms of comfort. By the example of Moscow and St. Petersburg the French classification system of city hotels was adopted for use: first-class, second-class, small hotels and furnished houses and rooms. The first mention of the classification division dates back to 1869, when the existing Kiev hotels were divided into three classes: the first, second and third. Depending on editions and preferences of editors, names of classification levels during the second half of the nineteenth century were constantly changed – the first order, the first rate, the higher grade, top priority, etc. Relying only on the informative database published before 1917, a comprehensive analysis of more than 70 sources of historical literature was conducted, a consolidated register and built structure of hotel affiliation to different classification levels during 1850-1916 was made. All this period can be divided into three main periods of formation, which in time measurements fully coincide with the general stages of evolution of the hotel business of the city: the stage of formation, the stage of development and the stage of prosperity. The research revealed the main feature of this period of the formation of Kyiv hotels, which was the complete uncertainty and confusion of the city’s classification system. The analysis allowed to understand more clearly and to formulate the structuring of Kiev hotels by the level of comfort at different historical stages of development, to determine the total number of hotels in the classification lists, as well as to investigate the changes that took place during the seventy years in the urban hotel business.