Дослідження та реставрація ікони «Богородиця з немовлям» з НМНАПУ як приклад «віртуального» розкриття пам’ятки зі складною стратиграфією

Abstract

Стаття присвячена проблемам дослідження та реставрації пам’яток іконопису, що містять кілька різночасових шарів живопису. На прикладі ікони «Богородиця з немовлям» з колекції НМНАПУ описано спосіб «віртуального» розкриття і всебічного дослідження пам’ятки для виявлення техніко-технологічних особливостей та уточнення атрибуції без порушення її структури. The article is devoted to the problems of research and conservation of iconographical monuments, which consist of several different layers of painting. For example, the icon «Our Lady with the Child» from the collection of the National Museum of Folk Architecture and Life of Ukraine defines the way of «virtual» disclosure, as a comprehensive study of the monument to identify technical and technological features and to clarify the attribution without violating its structure. In conservation practice, icons that contain several layers of different-time images occur: when under the upper visible layer of painting there is another (or more), the older layer. Often, both layers have a significant artistic, aesthetic and historical value. Then, restorers have to face the problem – how to save a later layer of time and at the same time get the maximum information about the original image? The article describes an example of «virtual» disclosure as one of the possible ways of studying a monument. The article contains data obtained during the conservation study, which can be used in the writing a similar scientific work. The course of restoration measures can serve as an example of a careful balanced approach to the problems of conservation with multilayered objects and a comprehensive study of similar monuments of iconography. The novelty of this method is in the application of a complex approach, in combination of available optic-physical and physic-chemical methods of research, stylistic and iconographic analysis and conservation approach in researching Ukrainian icon paintings with complex stratigraphy, with painting layers from the end of the XVII, till the end of the XVIII and Nineteenth century. A combination of X-ray examination and computer processing of photography was used for the virtual disclosure of a monument. Based on the complex research of the icon from the collection of NMNAPU, a new attribution was proposed.