Аннотации:
У статті порушені питання щодо первинного вигляду церкви Миколи Притиска; автором розроблена схема реконструкції дерев’яного храму на кінець XVII ст.
The goal of this article is to propose a reconstruction the original
appearance of the church St. Nicholas Prytysk in Kyiv, Ukraine that existed at the
end of the 17th century and to discuss various issues pertaining to this process.
In this article, we examine historical factbase and archaeological evidence in
order to reconstruct the original appearance and evolution of this building. The
evolution of the church of St. Nicholas Prytysk is split into 3 stages:
• 1st stage – up to 1631 this was a wooden church constructed with
horizontally laid yew and faced with vertical board. It was later transferred to the
Old Kyiv and renamed as Zlatoustivska church;
• 2nd stage – from 1631 till the beginning of the 18th century. This is a
new church, depicted on a map by I. Ushakov (1695) as a wooden building faced
with vertical board. The foundation of the church were found in 1980 during
archaeological excavations;
• 3rd stage – a stone church, built at the turn of the 17th and 18th
centuries, exists till this day.
In order to propose a reconstruction of the original version of the building, we
utilise the following aids:
1. As a part of the church restoration project, «Ukrproektrestavraciia»
institute conducted extensive archeological excavations and discovered a
fragment of the wooden base of the original building. This fragment provides
valuable information that can be used in reconstruction of the original building;
2. A. L. Neshta’s methodology of proportional construction of churches
can also be used as a vital aid in the process of reconstruction;
3. Additionally, church of St. Nicholas Prytysk resembles the church
of St. Michael located in Dorohynka village. St. Michael temple dates back to
approximately the same period as the Church of St. Nicholas Prytysk. Churches
constructed in the vicinity of each other in the same period generally stroke
particular resemblance.
Comparing the foundation remains of the wooden version of the church of
St. Nicholas Prytysk with the technical drawings by Julia Ivashko in her work
«Wooden Church Architecture of Ukraine» and using the proportional method
of building wooden churches A.L. Neshta, we develop a structure of the church
Nicholas Prytysk by end of the XVII century.
Our resulting reconstruction proposal is a wooden structure made out of yew,
faced with planch and covered with vertical board, typical for the Polissia region
at that time. This structure contains three sections: the narthex, the nave and the
altar. The altar (aka the sanctuary) is hexagonal rather than perpendicular. All
three sections have tent-form roofs with dominant central section
