До питання первинного вигляду церкви Миколи Притиска на Подолі в Києві

Abstract

У статті порушені питання щодо первинного вигляду церкви Миколи Притиска; автором розроблена схема реконструкції дерев’яного храму на кінець XVII ст. The goal of this article is to propose a reconstruction the original appearance of the church St. Nicholas Prytysk in Kyiv, Ukraine that existed at the end of the 17th century and to discuss various issues pertaining to this process. In this article, we examine historical factbase and archaeological evidence in order to reconstruct the original appearance and evolution of this building. The evolution of the church of St. Nicholas Prytysk is split into 3 stages: • 1st stage – up to 1631 this was a wooden church constructed with horizontally laid yew and faced with vertical board. It was later transferred to the Old Kyiv and renamed as Zlatoustivska church; • 2nd stage – from 1631 till the beginning of the 18th century. This is a new church, depicted on a map by I. Ushakov (1695) as a wooden building faced with vertical board. The foundation of the church were found in 1980 during archaeological excavations; • 3rd stage – a stone church, built at the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries, exists till this day. In order to propose a reconstruction of the original version of the building, we utilise the following aids: 1. As a part of the church restoration project, «Ukrproektrestavraciia» institute conducted extensive archeological excavations and discovered a fragment of the wooden base of the original building. This fragment provides valuable information that can be used in reconstruction of the original building; 2. A. L. Neshta’s methodology of proportional construction of churches can also be used as a vital aid in the process of reconstruction; 3. Additionally, church of St. Nicholas Prytysk resembles the church of St. Michael located in Dorohynka village. St. Michael temple dates back to approximately the same period as the Church of St. Nicholas Prytysk. Churches constructed in the vicinity of each other in the same period generally stroke particular resemblance. Comparing the foundation remains of the wooden version of the church of St. Nicholas Prytysk with the technical drawings by Julia Ivashko in her work «Wooden Church Architecture of Ukraine» and using the proportional method of building wooden churches A.L. Neshta, we develop a structure of the church Nicholas Prytysk by end of the XVII century. Our resulting reconstruction proposal is a wooden structure made out of yew, faced with planch and covered with vertical board, typical for the Polissia region at that time. This structure contains three sections: the narthex, the nave and the altar. The altar (aka the sanctuary) is hexagonal rather than perpendicular. All three sections have tent-form roofs with dominant central section