Abstract:
В статті аналізуються результати досліджень україн-ського авангарду, зокрема, специфіки мистецтва сюрреалізму в українському авангарді 1910–1930-х років ХХ ст.
Surrealism is one of the greatest expressions of 20th century
art. Founded in 1924 by the French poet and artist Andre Breton. Surrealism
is not only art, but also a philosophical movement, a powerful protest against
bourgeois reality. The movement was based on the art of Dadaism and the
philosophical ideas of Sigmund Freud. The expression of surrealism in the visual
arts is automatism, one of the incarnations is the abstract biomorph.
The art of surrealism did not have a sufficient display in the art of the Ukrainian
avant-garde of 1910–1930 years of the twentieth century. Despite the fact that
many Ukrainian artists lived at this time in Paris. Researchers of the Ukrainian
avant-garde also do not have a common opinion on the issue of surrealism in
the art of the Ukrainian avant-garde. Some of them note that in the works of
one of the avant-garde groups of Western Ukraine, the «Artes» group, there are
tendencies of surrealism. At the same time, there are very few names of artists
developing in their art surrealism. One of the most frequently mentioned names
is the name of Mikhail Andriyenko-Nechitaila.
In the works of numerous artistic groups of Eastern and Southern Ukraine
there are no tendencies in the art of surrealism. These groups develop mainly
the ideas of Cubism, Expressionism, Cubo-Futurism, Constructivism, Neoprimitivism, and also, traditional art. The most outstanding avant-garde art is
here: Oleksandr Bogomazov, Oleksandra Ekster and of course Kazimir Malevich
with his Suprematism. Also Victor Palmov, the Burliuk brothers. A separate place
is occupied by Mikhail Boychuk with his Neo-Byzantium.
Creativity groups of artists of Western Ukraine are less avant-garde. Here
and in the 30-ies strongly influenced by the Secession. But it is here that the art
of surrealism develops a little. This is indicated by researchers Dmitry Gorbachev
and Tatiana Lupiy. This may be happening in a group «Artes» created in 1929 by
young artists from Poland and Ukraine.
The issues of the place and role of the art of surrealism in the art of the Ukrainian.
