Мистецтвознавчі дослідження розвитку мистецтва сюрреалізму в українському авангарді 1910–1930 років

Abstract

В статті аналізуються результати досліджень україн-ського авангарду, зокрема, специфіки мистецтва сюрреалізму в українському авангарді 1910–1930-х років ХХ ст. Surrealism is one of the greatest expressions of 20th century art. Founded in 1924 by the French poet and artist Andre Breton. Surrealism is not only art, but also a philosophical movement, a powerful protest against bourgeois reality. The movement was based on the art of Dadaism and the philosophical ideas of Sigmund Freud. The expression of surrealism in the visual arts is automatism, one of the incarnations is the abstract biomorph. The art of surrealism did not have a sufficient display in the art of the Ukrainian avant-garde of 1910–1930 years of the twentieth century. Despite the fact that many Ukrainian artists lived at this time in Paris. Researchers of the Ukrainian avant-garde also do not have a common opinion on the issue of surrealism in the art of the Ukrainian avant-garde. Some of them note that in the works of one of the avant-garde groups of Western Ukraine, the «Artes» group, there are tendencies of surrealism. At the same time, there are very few names of artists developing in their art surrealism. One of the most frequently mentioned names is the name of Mikhail Andriyenko-Nechitaila. In the works of numerous artistic groups of Eastern and Southern Ukraine there are no tendencies in the art of surrealism. These groups develop mainly the ideas of Cubism, Expressionism, Cubo-Futurism, Constructivism, Neoprimitivism, and also, traditional art. The most outstanding avant-garde art is here: Oleksandr Bogomazov, Oleksandra Ekster and of course Kazimir Malevich with his Suprematism. Also Victor Palmov, the Burliuk brothers. A separate place is occupied by Mikhail Boychuk with his Neo-Byzantium. Creativity groups of artists of Western Ukraine are less avant-garde. Here and in the 30-ies strongly influenced by the Secession. But it is here that the art of surrealism develops a little. This is indicated by researchers Dmitry Gorbachev and Tatiana Lupiy. This may be happening in a group «Artes» created in 1929 by young artists from Poland and Ukraine. The issues of the place and role of the art of surrealism in the art of the Ukrainian.