Жанрова структура та художньо-стильові особливості мистецтва літографії київської школи графіки 1980-х років

Abstract

Стаття присвячена літографіям київських художників-графіків 1980-х років. Розглянуто тематику їхніх естампів та подано характеристику образно-стилістичних і технологічних особливостей графічних творів. In the final stage of the Soviet-era stagnation phase the graphic art of the 80s had still been affected by the political, social and ideological pressure but gradually it started expressing itself freer both in form and content. Some students of Kyiv State Art Institute chose lithography as their final year project. In the book design workshop led by Professor V. Chebanik and acting Associate Professor G. Halynskaya, there designed Ukrainian and Russian literary works such students as Vladimir Ivanov-Akhmetov, Volodymyr Radko, Larissa Pukhanova, Katerina Kudelina (Korniychuk), Anatoliy Marchuk, Oleksandr Shytui, who came across original composition solutions in the subject interpretation. In the easel graphics workshop, headed by Professor I. Selivanov, and since 1985 by Professor A. Chebykin students Yuri Pilipenko, Vasyl Shpak, Edward Mezhul, Valerii Franchuk, Timur Masautov, Olena Sapozhkova, Igor Shelest, Olena Plesovska and others kept on working on politically motivated Leninist, revolutionary and patriotic themes, glorified a working person within the method of «socialist realism». The theme-based Republican art exhibitions presented lithographies by Yurii Rubashov, Georgii Varkach, Vitalii Movchan, Gennadii Poljovui, Mikola Popov, Olexander Mykora, Olena Ovchinnikova, Andrii Chebykin and others, performed in a variety of genres, including portraits of prominent figures of science and culture, different landscapes, works on military topics and everyday scenes. In the graphic works of the artists an original way of solving creative problems was traced. Kyiv artists Adam Krvavych, Julii Sheinis, Oleksii Mezentsev, Anatolii Vasilenko, Olga and Sergii Yakutovych and others participated in the III, IV, V Republican exhibitions «Artist and Book». We can observe a plurality of individual approaches and solutions in the book design, a large register of means of expression in the image interpretation. The graphic arts reflected the person`s worldview of the definite time and transfused the spiritual atmosphere of the society at large, caused by the general processes of the development of fine art and culture in the country. Despite the ideological conditions and political situation in the 1980s, the artist became more relaxed and strived for self-realization.