Реставрація ажурного віяла з колекції Національного музею історії України

Abstract

У статті розглянуто проблеми реставрації віял, кісточки яких вироблені зі слонової кістки. Запропоновано підхід до реставрації, який дозволяє одночасно надати речі експозиційного вигляду, доповнити втрачені ажурні фрагменти та залишити її функціональною. На основі аналізу елементів декору проведено точну атрибуцію музейного експоната. In museum collections of the articles of the decorativelyapplied art not often, but there are fans. In many cardinal points, both on East and in the west women, and sometimes and men, used these accessories. The technique of making of fans supposed the use of different materials: an ivory, wood, mother of pearl for stones, paper, parchment, fabric, was used – for screens and the most various decor. For cleating inter se different techniques and glues got out. Each of foregoing materials has an own structure, hardness, plasticity, however in the process of the use and storage all these materials test the identical loading. Hereupon ancient fans in museum collections are, as a rule, in bad repair and need quarterdeck of restoration. This article is described restoration of delicate fan from collection of national museum of history of Ukraine. A fan, probably end 18 centuries, was made from ivory, and screen - from the parchment decorated by painting. The stones of fan are decorated by a delicate screw-thread, and two extreme - from black threw elegant protective straps and bead. An elegant accessory was broken, some fragments of stones were lost, parchment and bone were muddy, the elements of decor from black threw covered by the layer of products of corrosion of iron. In the article the process of the conducted restoration is described in detail. An exhibit was dismantled, purged from contaminations and products of corrosion, tracks of previous repairs, the lost fragments are made and editing is conducted. In-process complex methodology offers on filling in of the lost delicate details from ivory with the use of modern silicon, double-base эпоксидной resin, of acrylic glues and canning coverages. Such approach returned to the fan not only beauty but also functionality, possibility to keep an exhibit in a build kind. In addition, an offer hike does not conflict with principles of modern restoration, requiring, that the restoration was convertible, that an exhibit can be dismantled at any moment. An offer methodology answers these requirements. On the reverse of parchment screen there is a brand with the date of 1790г., however some stones of fan were decorated by protective straps and bead from black threw. Analysis of literary sources and fashion tendencies of the end 18 – began 19 centuries showed that only in the first two decades 19 centuries the clothing and shallow toiletries were decorated by a steel bead. This fact allowed to us to attribute this fan as made in the first two decades of ХІХ of century, i.e. in the epoch of Napoleon's wars.