Розвиток літографського мистецтва київської школи графіки у 1970-ті роки

Abstract

Стаття присвячена творчості київських художників-графіків 1970-х р., які працювали в літографській техніці. Розглянуто тематику естампів майстрів-літографів досліджуваного періоду. Автором частково охарактеризовані образно-стилістичні особливості графічних творів. The Kyiv graphic school is one of the most powerful and significant artistic centres of the country known for its professionalism, well-developed traditions and high creative potential. The modern artists use lithography technique rather rarely because of complicated printing technology. Lithography has various expression tools and plastic means depending on the lithographic manner used by the artist. This type of printmaking graphics was rather popular in the 70-s among the young artists as well as among mature graphic artisans. Students of the Kyiv State Art Institute were able to make themselves masters of lithography technique under the guidance of the highly experienced specialists. Many graduates have chosen lithography for their diploma thesis. The following students: Natalya Boldyryeva, Valentyna Turykina, Natalya Kornyeeva, Yuriy Skakandiy, made illustrations for the books of the Ukrainian authors at the book graphic workshop being supervised by professor Vasyl Kasiyan and associate professor Vasyl Chebanyk. Students Anna Tolkachova, Lyudmyla Zagorna, Mykola Draga, Olena Tertychna illustrated the books of the Russian writers, students Halyna Halynska and Lidiya Trymmeri have chosen the foreign literature. At the easel graphic workshop under the direction of the associate professor and then professor Selivanov the students focused on the socialist construction topics limited by the “socialist realism” method. They picked out the history of their native country as a subject of their works, i.e. students Serhiy Ryabtsov, Oleksiy Petrenko, Serhiy Lifenko, Yevhen Bobryk, Olena Vasylenko, Yuriy Larionov, Natalya Dmytrenko depicted the events and heroes of the revolution and the Civil War. The Rubashov’s series of lithographic works were dedicated to the history of Kievan Rus. The events of the Second World War were depicted by the following graphic artists: Serhiy Kochergan, Volodymyr Nikitin, Vitaliy Movchan and Leonid Nebelenchuk. The lithographs by Georgiy Kazakov, Olena Syzikova, Oleksiy Yangol, Vira Mishchenko, Olena Yukhno, Yuriy Kutilov, Natalya Ivanova, Oleksandr Papirnyy and Anatoliy Zavhorodniy showed everyday life. Petro Klivadenko has chosen the landscapes of Kyiv for his diploma thesis. The series of litographs by Oleksandr Babak, Volodymyr Khodzynskyy and Viktor Shlyapin were inspired by the music works. Oleksandr Agafonov depicted ancient musicians and the chamber music performers. The best diploma thesis were presented at Molodist Krayiny (The Youth of Country) Republican Exhibition in 1976. The young artists Yevhen Bobryk, Olena Vasylenko, Yuriy Kutilov, Vitaliy Movchan, Lidiya Trymerri entered on the artistic scene as the self-reliant artists with their own manner and style Yuriy Rubashov, Georgiy Kazakov, Oleksandr Papirnyy, Hryhoriy Harkusha, Borys Shats, Yuliy Sheinis, Nina Bozhko, Mykola Popov, Volodymyr Novykovsky and other young artists participated in different art exhibitions in the 70-s presenting their easel graphic art works. The range of genres of that period was really vast, including the portraits of contemporaries and historical figures, urban and countryside landscapes, battle pieces and pictures of routine life, etc. The state authorities have determined the topics of exhibitions, therefore the specific tasks were set up for the artists which limited their creativity by the Procrustean bed of socialist realism. Many artists being in the grip of the Soviet ideology managed to create truly worthwhile works. Georgiy Zubkovskyy, Mykola Pshinka, Yuriy Severyn, Natalya Ivanova, Olha Petrova focused on book illustrations, their eikons were distinguished by elegance of graphic means, inner thoroughness and originality in theme depiction. Conclusions. The lithographs made by Kyiv graphic artists in the 1970-s are considered to be the samples of the high graphic culture esteemed for its mastership, technique excellence, riches of artistic means and clear-cut compositions. It was a stagnant period outlined by composition asceticism, sharp-cut drawing, lack of sugarcoating of reality and excessive pathos. Book illustrations of that period are marked by polystyle and multiple personal approaches to literature interpreting.