Короткий опис(реферат):
Стаття присвячена творчості київських художників-графіків
1960-х років, які працювали в літографській техніці. Розглянута тематика
їхніх естампів та подано характеристику образно-стилістичних та технологічних особливостей графічних творів.
The Kyiv graphic school based in Kyiv State Arts Institute
developed lithography art significantly. The group of Kyiv graphic artists from
the experimental printmaking shop which worked successfully in the period
from the 60s to the 90s made a great input in the depository of the Ukrainian
drawing art. The modern artists use lithography technique rather rarely because
of complicated printing technology.
Timeliness of research of the Kyiv lithography school is caused by lack of fullscale studies in the relevant scholarly literature. As of today there are many
untapped issues concerning activities of Kyiv graphic artists who used lithography
technique. These issues need detailed analyses, systematization and in-depth
research.
The matter of research. Some students of theGraphic Faculty of the Kyiv State Art
Institute have chosenlithography for their diploma thesis using it for easel graphic
works as well as for book design and illustrations. Professor Pashchenko’s
students worked at his easel graphic workshop on depiction of revolution, the
Civil War, socialist development of their country and routine life of the Soviet
people. It is worth mentioning the following artists: Mykhaylo Turovskyy who
created series of prints “On the Eve of Revolution” (1960), Yuliy Sheynis with his
series of colored lithographs “Metal” (1961), Mykhaylo Andriychuk – series “The
Milkmaids” (1962), Oleksandr Sholomiy – Series “The Fishmen” (1962), Viktor
Vandalovskiy – series about revolutionare Artem (lithograph- asphalt, 1963).
In 1963 the Head of Graphic Arts Department Professor Pashchenko deceased,
and his successor and disaple, Associate Professor Selivanov made a great input
in the tutoring of the graphic artists. During the 60-s the students of the above
mentioned workshop continued to develop “socialist realism subjects” as it was
required by the country leaders. The teacher urged truthfulness, veracity and
realistic approach in depicting of historical events and creating of scene painting.
Therefore, the students made the series of lithographs: Oleksandr Kalachykov
“Pages of Kobzar’s Life” (1964), Vitaliy Hubenko – “Hryhoriy Skovoroda”,
(1969), Ihor Matseychuk – “Kolgosp Village” (1964), Ivan Kyrylov – “Seamen –
Submariners” (1967). Some artists focused on the historical topics - Mykhaylo
Morisov’s diploma thesis was “Oleksandr Parkhomenko” (1965) and Oleksandr
Skyba’s series of lithographs “H. I. Petrovskiy” (1969).
Students of the book illustration workshop for their diploma thesis chosed
designing and illustrating books by the Ukrainian and Russian classical writers
and modern writers as well. The graduates made the following illustrations: Alla
Sholomiy – for A.Gaydar’s short story “Blue Cup” (1964), Volodymyr Selivestrov
– for M. Sholokhov’s “Fortune of a Man” (lithography-stamping, 1965), Yevhen
Honcharenko – for S. Sklyarenko’s “The Carpathian Mountains” (1961), Ihor
Yashchenko – for M.Kulish’s «97» (1969). Mykola Kompanets – for Mykhaylo
Starytskyy’s dram a “Cathing Two Hares” (1964), Vasyl Avramenko – for Taras
Shevchenko’s “Haydamaky” (1962), Valentyna Ulyanova – for O.Kobylyanska’s
“On Sunday Morning Digged Up Herbs” (lithographs-asphalt, 1965).
The best diploma thesis of the graduates from the Ukrainian art schools were
exhibited at the art shows organized by the Union of Artists of the USSR and
Ministry of Culture of USSR. Thus, in 1965 the diploma thesis of Oleksandr
Kalachykov, Mykhaylo Marisov, Volodymyr Seliverstov, Valentyna Ulyanova and
Mykola Kompanets were presented at the exhibition of diploma thesis, drawings,
designs and the best works created by the students of Kyiv State Art Institute.
The book “In terms of Graphic Arts” by Leonid Vladych contained reviews of the
most interesting diploma thesis created during the above mentioned period of
time, the authors of which had original vision, interesting composition approach
and diversity of descriptive means. It is worth mentioning graduates Mykola
Kompanets, Vasyl Avramenko and Valentyna Ulyanova who used lithography
technique.
At that time the young Ukrainian graphical artists were significantly influenced
by the art works of the prominent Ukrainian, Russian, Baltic, German, Polish,
American graphic artists and Mexican artists (members of popular art workshops)
– Vasyl Kasiyan, Mykhaylo Deregus, Yevheniy Kibryk, Aldona Skirutite, Kathe
Kollwitz, Rockwell Kent, Jose Guadalupe, Celia Calderon and others [2]. Kyiv
graphic art school was based on the art of the above mentioned artists, however
the artists developed their own style, creating form and content with the the signs
of national identification.
In the 60-s many Kyiv graphic artists presented their lithographs at the regular
art exhibitions, namely “Soviet Ukraine” national exhibition (1960), annual
exhibitions (1961, 1963) and the one dedicated to the 50-th anniversary of the
October Revolution. Borys Ginsburg, Vasyl Kaluga, Volodymyr Boldyrev, Ivan
Krupskiy, Volodymyr Novykovskyy, Yevhen Hapon, Nina Bozhko, Inna Movchan, Nadiya Lopukhova, Hanna Horobiyevska and Mykola Popov presented series
of easel graphic works.Those artists who consistently followed the rules of
socialist realism were unable to avoid artificiality of situations depicted in their art
works, where the wishful replaced the real things and social state of society was
exaggerated and idealized.
In 1965 the works presented at “Protecting Peace” National exhibition featured
the war subjects referring to the historical events the Ukrainian people
participated in.Prints made by Nina Bozhko, Vasyl Kaluga, Viktor Vandalovskiy,
Zinoviy Tolkachov and Borys Shats were demonstrated there
Nadiya Lopukhova approved herself a gifted master of lithograph.She focused
on woman’s life in the series of lithographs called “Women’s fortune in
Shevchenko’s writing (1964) presented at the National Art Exhibition dedicated
to 150th anniversary of Shevchenko
Conclusions. The lithographs created by the Kyiv graphic artists in 60-s are
interesting and unique samples of the national graphic art. They carried out an
experiment trying to create new tools and means in order to express their state of
mind. Unfortunately they had to work during the tough time which considered to
be a peak of socialist realism and during Khrushchov’s Thaw known for combating
signs of “extraneous bourgeois art” and formalism. Despite political bias and
ideological pressure the graphic artists managed to express their own attitude
and vision of the social processes, to reflect a positive side in the life of people
and to make their input in the development of book design and illustrations.