Життєвий шлях і творча діяльність Джона Генрі Дерла в контексті руху «Мистецтва і ремесла» (друга половина ХІХ – перша третина ХХ століття)

Abstract

Дисертація є першим комплексним дослідженням життєвого шляху, творчої та освітньої діяльності Д. Г. Дерла в контексті культурно-мистецького руху Великобританії«Мистецтва і Ремесла» другої половини ХІХ – першої третини ХХ століть. Проаналізовано теоретичні та практичні засади руху«Мистецтва і Ремесла» як джерела формування творчої особистості Д. Г. Дерла. Досліджено соціальне середовище. Реконструйовано і введено в науковий обіг життєпис митця. Проаналізовано та систематизовано творчу спадщину митця. Визначено стилістичні особливості художньої манери, специфіку художньої мови його творів. Висвітлено освітню діяльність Д. Г. Дерла і його внесок у розвиток індустріального дизайну Великобританії. This dissertation is the first comprehensive and systematic scholarly study of J. H. Dearle, focusing on his life, creative work and educational career within the context of the Arts and Crafts Movement. It examines philosophical, social and artistic writings of T. Carlyle, J. Ruskin and W. Morris as formative ideas behind the Arts and Crafts Movement, which had decisive influences on J. H. Dearle’s ideological and aesthetical beliefs. The work explores the Arts and Crafts Movement and J. H. Dearle’s social circle as a formative source of his creative personality. It discusses economic, social and artistic preconditions of the Arts and Crafts Movement and the rise of decorative arts, and art and industrial design. It touches on historical aspects regarding the origin and the development of industrial art education in the country, which shaped J. H. Dearle’s professional path. The research explores the origin and activity of the West London School of Art as one of the leading art education establishments in the second half of nineteenth century Britain. It explores the role of the school in developing formative characteristics of typical national British designers, such as J. H. Dearle, who would be capable of leading the country to the fore of world industrial production. The study provides an account of the founding preconditions, and artistic and commercial activity of Morris & Co, which helped to shape the Arts and Crafts Movement in general, and the work of J H. Dearle in particular. At the same time the work assesses J. H. Dearle as an individual artist, rather than a mere shadow of his renowned teacher W. Morris and colleague E. Burne-Jones, in order to re-evaluate his life and achievements. The research looks at the Arts and Crafts Exhibition Society, where J. H. Dearle was a longstanding member, and its role as the key practitioner and main promoter of the ideals of craftsmanship versus the industrialisation of production. The study examines J. H. Dearle’s family background, early school education, economic and religious influences on his creative personality. For the first time J. H. Dearle’s biography is researched and reconstructed in great detail, including his early years spent at the Gladhill’s Collegiate School. The work highlights how J. H. Dearle’s professional responsibilities at the Merton Abbey works had a lasting impact on the diversity of his creativity. The study gives a fuller critical analysis of J. H. Dearle’s stained glass work and reconsiders his overall contribution to the production of Morris and Co sacral windows. It examines the stylistic qualities of his memorial stained glass. The work discusses J. H. Dearle’s tapestries and the extent of his involvement in the production process. The research examines J. H. Dearle’s stylistic specifics and artistic contribution to the development of distinctive British carpet design, which incorporated Middle Eastern influences transformed through the prism of his national vision. The study identifies and systematizes structural particularities in the composition of repeat pattern designs, looks at the colour schemes and explores the semantics of floral ornamentation with references to floriography, mythology, fine art and literature. The study presents a detailed account of J. H. Dearle’s activity in the area of industrial art education. It focuses on his particular role in preparing the next generation of designers, by examining and judging students’ work, and redefines his contribution to the development of British industrial design in the first third of the twentieth century.