Наукова реставрація творів декоративно-ужиткового мистецтва в системі вищої художньої освіти

Abstract

Статтю присвячено питанням наукової реставрації творів декоративно-ужиткового мистецтва в системі вищої художньої освіти. Підготовка фахівців за цією спеціальністю проводиться у Національній академії образотворчого мистецтва і архітектури. Визначено процеси формування та вдосконалення досвіду художника-реставратора для збереження пам’яток історії та культури. Окреслено сучасну наукову методологію реставраційного втручання, зокрема, в галузі реставрації творів декоративно-ужиткового мистецтва. Узагальнено відомості стосовно дослідження, документування стану збереженості та етапів реставрації; визначено послідовність та характер реставраційних процесів на творах декоративно-ужиткового мистецтва з металу, кераміки, тканин.

The article is devoted to the issues of scientific restoration of works of decorative and applied art in the system of art education at the National Academy of Fine Arts and Architecture. The processes of formation and improvement of the experience of the artist-restorer for the preservation of historical and cultural monuments are defined. The importance of solving the cultural and professional development of the future artist-restorer in the field of restoration of works of decorative and applied art is emphasized. The topic studied by the author raises a number of issues of the methodology of studying works of decorative and applied arts in the research work of future artists-restorers. The purpose of the study is to develop and substantiate basic theoretical knowledge in the field of research, restoration, conservation and storage of works of decorative and applied arts from metal, ceramics and organic materials. Training of restoration specialists is carried out in various educational and scientific institutions of Ukraine. At the present stage of development of scientific restoration, this industry needs innovative approaches and updating of old methods. Thus, at the National Academy of Fine Arts and Architecture you can get a specialty artist-restorer of monumental painting, artist-restorer of sculptures and decorative arts from metal, ceramics, organic materials (fabrics, leather and bone). Restoration occupies the most important place in museum work and combines a set of knowledge and skills that provide storage of works of art made of metal, ceramics and organic materials. Disciplines on the restoration of sculpture and works of decorative and applied art are part of the training of specialists in the specialty «Restoration of works of art» within the acquisition of practical skills in research, restoration, conservation and storage. Training of future artists-restorers in the system of higher professional education taking into account modern requirements of conservation and restoration is based on such principles as scientific, connection of theory with practice should be carried out on authentic monuments — museum exhibits that promotes formation of professional competences, acquisition of professional experience, responsible attitude to historical and cultural monuments. The obtained results deepen the idea of research methods, restoration and conservation of works of decorative and applied arts from metal, ceramics and organic materials. Theoretical provisions are important at the problem-theoretical level, because the training of restorers requires a strong scientific and methodological base.