Взаємозалежність функціональної і планувальної характеристик міської структури

Abstract

У статті подано аналіз головних особливостей взаємодії функціонального наповнення і планувальних містобудівних прийомів у центральних частинах великих історичних міст у процесі їхнього розвитку, що має суттєве значення для вибору оптимальних реконструктивних рішень. The article analyzes the main features of the interaction of functional filling and planning urban planning techniques in the central parts of major historical cities in the course of their development. Such an analysis is essential to the choice of optimal reconstructive solutions, with the necessary preservation of the historical and aesthetic value of the urban heritage. Similarly to the influence of the functional purpose of the building on the whole complex of planning and composite solutions, the primary definition of the semantic meaning of urban formation is directly influenced by the drawing and its plan, the logic of the interaction of the main urban planning categories from antiquity to our time. Thus, the main functional designation of medieval European cities as trading, defense and military ports has developed characteristic forms of their plans, optimal for the proper functioning of urban entities. Subsequently, after the destruction of irrelevant fortifications and in the process of territorial growth of cities significantly increases the range and volume of city functions and takes advantage of an open flexible scheme of microstructures in the developed system of the center outside the central core, which should maintain a high rank of historical and cultural emphasis of the city. In order to avoid the phenomena of functional degradation of separate spaces of the center or excessive dynamism of functions capable of distorting the value of historical and architectural substance, it is necessary to estimate the optimal capacity of the city center, that is, the quantitative and qualitative optimum of functions, which can perceive the historical environment without reducing its cultural and aesthetic values due to the harmonious interaction of functional and planning categories. This harmony can be achieved not only by adapting the contents and form of the city center to new needs, but also by adjusting these needs to the optimal possibilities